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8. ¡u¤Ñ¤UÂø»x¡v<2001°ê±¡½Õ¬d>¤§¥Á½ÕÅã¥Ü63%¥Á²³¤£«H¥ô¥ß©e¯à¥Nªí¤H¥Á°Ý¬F¡C¡¨½Ö¬O¥xÆWªº¶Ã·½?¡¨ »{¬°¬O¡uªx°ê¥ÁÄÒ¨t¡v¦³33.7%¡A¡u©Ò¦³¥ß©e¡v22.5%¡A¡uªü«óÁ`²Î¡v13.5%¡A¡u´CÅé¡v12.8%¡A¡u¿Ë¥ÁÄÒ¡v11%¡A¡u¥Á¶iÄÒ¡v6.3%¡C ¡§¦p¦ó¸Ñ¨M¶Ã·½?¡¨ »{¬°¬O¡u¥ß©e´î¥b¡v45.7%¡A¡u¥ß©e³¬¼L¡v18.7%¡A¡u´CÅ鳬¼L¡v14.9%¡A¡u¨î¾Ë¡v10.5%¡A¡u׾ˡv6%¡A¡u¤¤°ê³¬¼L¡v3.8%¡C
9. ¡u¤¤°ê®É³ø¡v2000.12.2¡C
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11. ¦³Ãö¿ïÁ|¨î«×ªº¤¤¡B¥~¤åµÛ§@¬Æ¦h¡A°Ñ¾\¬I¥¿¾W <·í¥N¬Fªv¤ÀªR>²Ä13³¹¡u¿ïÁ|¨î«×¤Î¨ä¼vÅT¡v²Ä139-150¶ (¥x¥_:«e½Ã¥Xª©ªÀ¡A1998); ¤ý·~¥ß<§Ú°ê¿ïÁ|¨î«×ªº¬Fªv¼vÅT> (¥x¥_:¤«n¤½¥q¡A1996); §d¤åµ{ <¬FÄÒ»P¿ïÁ|·§½×> (¥x¥_:¤«n¤½¥q¡A1996); ¹pÄv±Û <¿ïÁ|¨î«×> (¥x¥_: ¬}¹î¥Xª©ªÀ¡A1989); Douglas Rae THE POLITICAL CONSEQUENCES OF ELECTORAL LAWS (Conn.: Yale University Press, 1967); Bernard Grofman and Arend Lijphart, eds. ELECTORAL LAWS AND THEIR POLITICAL CONSEQUENCES (New York: Agathon, 1986); Arend Lijphart and Bernard Grofman, eds. CHOOSING AN ELECTORAL SYSTEMS: ISSUES AND ALTERNATIVES (New York: Praeger, 1984); Rein Taagepera and Mathew S. Shugart, SEATS AND VOTES: THE EFFECTS AND DETERMINANTS OF ELECTORAL SYSTEMS (Conn.: Yale University Press, 1989): Andrew Reeves and Alan Ware, ELECTORAL SYSTEMS: A COMPARATIVE AND THEORETICAL INTRODUCTION (London: Routledge, 1992); David M. Farrell, COMPARING ELECTORAL SYSTEMS (London:Prentice Hall, 1997).
12. ¤W¦C¤¤¤åµÛ§@¤¤¥ç¦h½Í¤Î¡u½Æ¼Æ¿ï°Ï¡v¦b¥xÆW©Ò³y¦¨¤§¼vÅT¡C
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15. °Ñ¾\ Eric Moon, ¡§Single Non-Transferable Vote Methods in Taiwan in 1996: Effects of an Electoral System,¡¨ ASIAN SURVEY (Vol. 37, No. 7), pp. 652-68.
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21. ©Ò¿×¡u«Ê³¬¦¡¡v¬O«ü¿ï¥Á¥u¯à§ë²¼µ¹¦UÓ¬FÄÒ¡A¤£¯à¦b¦U¬FÄÒªº¦W³æ¤¤¿ï¾Ü¦U§OªºÔ¿ï¤H¡C©Ò¿×¡u¶}©ñ¦¡¡v¬O«ü¿ï¥Á¯à¦b¦UÓ¬FÄÒ¦W³æ¤¤¡A¬Æ¦Ü¤£¦P¬FÄÒ¦W³æ¤¤¬D¿ï¤@¦ì©Î¦h¦ìÔ¿ï¤H¡C
22. ¦U°êªùÂe¤§³W©w¦p¤U: ¼w°ê5% ©Î¤À°Ï±o¤T®u¥H¤W¡A¯Ã¦èÄõ5%©Î¤À°Ï±o¤@®u¥H¤W¡A«nÁú¤À°Ï±o¤®u¥H¤W¡A¤é¥»2%©Î¤À°Ï±o¤G®u¥H¤W¡A¸q¤j§Q4%¡A¦I¤ú§Q5%¡A«Xù´µ5%¡C°Ñ¾\¤ý·~¥ß(¦Pµù11)¡A²Ä42¶¡C
23. ©Ò¿×¡u¶W¿ï°Ï¼h¦¸Ä³®u¡v(Additional member system)¬O«ü¦U¿ï°Ï¤¤¦]¬FÄÒ±o²¼¥¼¹F·í¿ï°ò¼Æ¦Ó³Ñ¾lªº®u¦¸¡C©Ò¿×¡u¸ÉÀv©Êij®u¡v(Supplementary seats system)¬O«ü¦b¦U¿ï°ÏÀ³¿ï¦WÃB¤§¥~¡A¦b§ó¤j°Ï°ì©Î¥þ°ê¬°½d³ò©Ò³]¥ßªº®u¦¸¡A¥H¥¿Å¦b¿ï°Ï¤¤¥i¯à¥X²{ªº¡u¤ñ¨Ò©Ê°¾®t¡v¡C¡uÁp¥ß¨î¡v¬O¥H¦U¬FÄÒªºÁ`±o²¼²v¬°·Ç¡A¨Ó¨M©w¦U¬FÄÒÀ³±oªºÁ`®u¦¸¡C¡u¨Ã¥ß¨î¡v¬O¦U¬FÄҨ̨ä¬FÄÒ±o²¼²v¨Ó¤À°t¤£¤À°Ïªº¦WÃB¡A»P¦U¬FÄÒ¦b°Ï°ì¤¤¤w·í¿ïªº®u¦¸¦h¹èµLÃö¡C
24. ¥@¬É¦U°ê¤§¨Ò¡A¤¹³\¹´¥Á§ë²¼ªÌ¦³¤§¡A¦ýµL¹´¥Á°ê·|ijû¡C
25. Taagepera and Shugart, ¦Pµù11¡C
26. °Ñ¾\¬I¥¿¾W¡u¿ïÁ|¨î«×¿³²ªº·§©À¬[ºc¡v<¥xÆW¬Fªv«Øºc> (¥x¥_: «e½Ã¡A1999)¡A²Ä204¶; Reeve and Ware (¦Pµù11); Pippa Norris, ¡§Choosing Electoral Systems: Proportional, Majoritarian and Mixed Systems,¡¨ INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL SCIENCE REVIEW (Vol. 16, No. 1), pp. 3-8¡C
27. Susan Scarrow, ¡§Party Competition and Institutional Change: The Expansion of Direct Democracy in Germany,¡¨ PARTY POLITICS (Vol. 3, No. 4), pp. 451-72; Kathleen Thelen and Sven Steinmo, ¡§Historical Institutionalism in Comparative Politics,¡¨ in S. Steinmo, K. Thelen and Frank Longstreth, eds. STRUCTURING POLITICS: HISTORICAL INSTITUTIONALISM IN COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992)¡C
28. Patrick Dunleavy and Helen Margetts, ¡§Understanding the Dynamics of Electoral Reform,¡¨ INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL SCIENCE REVIEW (Vol. 16, No. 1), pp. 9-29¡C
29. Baraba Geddes, ¡§Initiation of New Democratic Institutions in Eastern Europe and Latin America,¡¨ in Arend Lijphart and Carlos Waisman, eds. INSTITUTIONAL DESIGN IN NEW DEMOCRACIES: EUROPE AND LATIN AMERICA (Colo.: Westview Press, 1996), pp. 15-41¡C